• Editorial decisions must be based primarily on academic quality and relevance.
• Editors must not discriminate against authors based on personal or institutional characteristics.
• Commercial interests must not determine editorial decisions.
• Editors should declare and manage conflicts of interest.
• Editors should withdraw from decisions where their impartiality may reasonably be questioned.

Editors and editorial staff must keep submitted manuscripts, reviewer reports, author correspondence, and other confidential information secure. Manuscript information must not be disclosed to unauthorized persons or used for purposes unrelated to the editorial process.

• Select reviewers with appropriate subject expertise.
• Avoid assigning reviewers with known conflicts of interest.
• Protect the identity and confidentiality of reviewers.
• Monitor the quality and relevance of review reports.
• Address inappropriate, offensive, discriminatory, or unsupported reviewer comments.

Editors must respond appropriately when credible concerns regarding plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, duplicate publication, authorship, citation manipulation, unethical research, or other forms of misconduct are identified. Editorial action should be based on available evidence and relevant ethical guidance.

The Editorial Office is responsible for taking reasonable steps to preserve the integrity of published content. When significant errors or ethical problems are confirmed, the journal may publish corrections, clarifications, expressions of concern, withdrawals, or retractions as appropriate. Editorial records should be maintained to support transparency and accountability.