1. Read the title, abstract, and keywords to understand the primary focus of the manuscript.
2. Examine the Introduction to determine whether the research problem, gap, objectives, novelty, and contribution are clearly established.
3. Evaluate whether the methodology is appropriate for answering the research questions or objectives.
4. Examine the data, instruments, algorithms, models, experiments, or analytical procedures used in the study.
5. Assess whether the results are presented accurately and sufficiently.
6. Evaluate whether the Discussion appropriately interprets the findings.
7. Compare the findings with relevant theories and previous studies.
8. Assess whether the Conclusion directly reflects the objectives and findings.
9. Check the quality and relevance of the references.
10. Review tables, figures, equations, supplementary information, and technical notation where applicable.
11. Identify major and minor revisions separately.
12. Provide an overall recommendation consistent with the detailed review comments.

Reviewers should explain why an issue is considered problematic and, where appropriate, suggest a reasonable way to address it. Comments should be written respectfully and should not contain personal criticism, inappropriate language, discriminatory statements, or assumptions about the authors.