The journal is committed to upholding the principles of publication ethics and responsible scholarly publishing in accordance with the core principles promoted by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All parties involved in the publication process are expected to maintain high standards of integrity, transparency, accountability, fairness, and confidentiality.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that their manuscripts are original, accurately reported, and ethically conducted. They must properly acknowledge the work of others, avoid plagiarism and duplicate publication, disclose relevant conflicts of interest, and ensure that all listed authors have made appropriate contributions to the work.

Editors are responsible for making fair, impartial, and independent editorial decisions based on the academic quality, originality, relevance, and contribution of manuscripts. Editorial decisions should not be influenced by personal relationships, institutional affiliations, commercial interests, nationality, gender, or other irrelevant considerations.

Reviewers are expected to conduct reviews objectively, constructively, and confidentially. They should disclose any potential conflicts of interest and should not use unpublished information obtained during peer review for personal, professional, or academic advantage.

The journal does not tolerate publication misconduct, including plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, duplicate or redundant publication, inappropriate authorship practices, citation manipulation, undisclosed conflicts of interest, or other forms of unethical scholarly behavior.

When allegations of misconduct or ethical concerns arise, the journal may conduct an appropriate investigation and request explanations or supporting documentation from the individuals concerned. Depending on the findings, appropriate actions may include manuscript rejection, correction of the published record, expression of concern, retraction, or other measures consistent with accepted publication ethics practices.

The journal is committed to protecting the integrity of the scholarly record and encourages all authors, reviewers, editors, and readers to report suspected ethical violations. All reported concerns will be considered seriously and handled fairly, confidentially, and in accordance with established publication ethics principles.